SINGAPORE (June 23): It only takes a total of about US$55,000 ($76,400) to sway media consumers into forming a fragmented and negative impression of a relatively popular journalist, and US$200,000 to instigate a street protest, according to the latest research paper released by security software company Trend Micro.

The Fake News Machine: How Propagandists Abuse the Internet and Manipulate the Public highlights how sharing exaggerated article titles on social media feeds are but only one component of a complex web of planning, strategising and collective action.

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